The sweeping GST reforms (“GST 2.0”), which came into effect from 22 September 2025, have brought major changes to India’s indirect tax. One of the sectors most affected is pharmaceuticals (medicines, medical devices, diagnostics), and there are ripple effects across the supply chain—from raw material suppliers to manufacturers, distributors, pharmacies, and ultimately, patients.
The GST Council’s tax reforms in the pharmaceutical sector marks a significant step toward affordable healthcare. By reducing GST on all medicines from 12% to 5% and exempting 36 critical lifesaving drugs for ailments such as cancer and rare disorders, the reform substantially lowers patient costs and improves access to vital treatments. Lowering GST on medical devices from 18% or 12% to 5% further enhances the affordability of essential healthcare. In addition, GST on pharma job work services has been reduced from 12% to 5%. This people-centric reform promotes equitable healthcare access, strengthens public health and industry growth, and reinforces India’s position as a global pharma leader. Sectors with high youth participation—such as education, automobiles, technology, handicrafts, footwear, healthcare, food processing, and textiles —have been prioritized to lower costs, boost competitiveness, and encourage innovation.

GST on Medicines and Pharmaceuticals

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) applies to a wide range of pharmaceutical products, hospital services, and medical equipment in India. Tax rates range from Nil to 18%, with life-saving drugs and vaccines attracting the lower rates while products like nicotine gum are taxed at the higher end.

NIL GST Rate on Medicines and Medical Goods

  • Human blood and its components
  • All contraceptives
  • Sanitary napkins and tampons
  • 37 life-saving medicines

5% GST Rate on Medicines and Medical Goods

The following are some of the medical products on which 5% GST is levied. This list is not exhaustive.

  • Anaesthetics, Potassium Iodate, Iodine, Steam
  • Medical grade oxygen, medicinal hydrogen peroxide
  • Insulin, Cyclosporin, Desferrioxamine, Oral re-hydration salts
  • All drugs and medicines (including salts/esters), most diagnostic kits, and
  • veterinary/bio-chemic medicaments (except some exclusions as notified)
    Diagnostic kits for all hepatitis types
  • Ayurvedic, Organo-therapeutic extracts, heparin, and related human/animal substances
  • Mixed-dose medicaments for therapy/prophylaxis (various systems)
  • Medical wadding, gauze, bandages, dressings, plasters for medical uses
  • Sterile surgical/dental sutures, adhesion barriers, ostomy appliances
    Dental floss
  • X-ray photographic plates/film
  • Diagnostic kits, reagents, certified reference materials
  • Feeding bottles and plastic beads
  • Surgical/medical examination gloves
  • Coronary stents, cardiac catheter stent systems
  • Artificial kidneys, glucometers and strips
  • Occlusion devices (arterial/atrial)

    Conclusion

    The GST 2.0 reforms mark a significant shift for India’s pharma sector. For companies like Vaxova, there are both opportunities and risks. Successfully navigating this new landscape means careful cost management, operational readiness, and transparent passing of tax benefits to end users. If done right, these reforms could help make essential medicines and healthcare more accessible, which is a win not only for business but for public health.

FAQ:
1.Which medicines are exempted under GST 2.0?
About 36 life-saving drugs, including those for cancer, rare diseases, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and some vaccines, are now exempt from GST. This means they attract 0% GST at retail.

2. How are distributors and retailers impacted?
Retailers may face margin losses on existing stock.
They must update invoices and billing software to reflect new GST rates.
Timely communication with pharma companies is vital to manage pricing and returns.

3.How does the GST reduction benefit patients?
Patients will pay less for medicines, diagnostic kits, and medical devices. Health and life insurance premiums have also been exempted from GST, making healthcare more affordable overall.